All-in-one: New microbe degrades oil to gas

Crude oil and gas naturally escape from the seabed in many places known as “seeps”. There, these hydrocarbons move up from source rocks through fractures and sediments towards the surface, where they leak out of the ground and sustain a diversity of densely populated habitats in the dark ocean. A large part of the hydrocarbons, … Read more

Shasta dam releases can be managed to benefit both salmon and sturgeon, study finds

Cold water released from Lake Shasta into the Sacramento River to benefit endangered salmon can be detrimental to young green sturgeon, a threatened species adapted to warmer water. But scientists at UC Santa Cruz and the National Marine Fisheries Service have found a way to minimize this apparent conflict through a water management strategy that … Read more

Scientists extract H2 gas from oil and bitumen, giving potential pollution-free energy

Scientists have developed a large-scale economical method to extract hydrogen (H2) from oil sands (natural bitumen) and oil fields. This can be used to power hydrogen-powered vehicles, which are already marketed in some countries, as well as to generate electricity; hydrogen is regarded as an efficient transport fuel, similar to petrol and diesel, but with … Read more

Global change is triggering an identity switch in grasslands

Since the first Homo sapiens emerged in Africa roughly 300,000 years ago, grasslands have sustained humanity and thousands of other species. But today, those grasslands are shifting beneath our feet. Global change – which includes climate change, pollution and other widespread environmental alterations – is transforming the plant species growing in them, and not always … Read more

Engaging educational videos elicit similar brain activity in students

The most engaging educational videos are correlated with similar brain activity across learners, according to research in young adults recently published in eNeuro. Yi Hu and colleagues at East China Normal University showed university students two-minute introduction clips for 15 online classes and monitored their brain activity via electroencephalogram. The students ranked the clips based on … Read more

Nearly identical representations of spoken, written words in the brain

The brain activity evoked from processing written or heard semantic information is almost identical, according to research in adults published in JNeurosci. These findings add to the understanding of how the brain processes written and oral language. Language is a complex process that involves many regions of the brain, and it was previously unclear if the … Read more

National livestock movement bans may prove economically damaging

New research from the University of Warwick has pioneered an economic perspective on controlling livestock diseases. Focusing on Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), bovine TB (bTB) and bluetongue virus (BTV), the researchers draw striking conclusions about the role of movement bans in controlling an outbreak. In the 2001 outbreak of FMD, the movement of cattle, … Read more

Researchers find hurricanes drive the evolution of more aggressive spiders

Researchers at McMaster University who rush in after storms to study the behaviour of spiders have found that extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones may have an evolutionary impact on populations living in storm-prone regions, where aggressive spiders have the best odds of survival. Raging winds can demolish trees, defoliate entire canopies and scatter … Read more