Climate change ‘disrupts’ local plant diversity, study

Researchers have discovered that the numbers of plant species recorded by botanists have increased in locations where the climate has changed most rapidly, and especially in relatively cold parts of the world. Human activity has been responsible for substantial declines in biodiversity at the global level, to such an extent that there are calls to … Read more

Ice sheets impact core elements of the Earth’s carbon cycle

Ice sheets which cover about 10 percent of our Earth’s land surface at present, were thought 20 years ago to be frozen wastelands, devoid of life and with supressed chemical weathering – irrelevant parts of the carbon cycle. Now a world-leading international team, led by Professor Jemma Wadham from the University of Bristol’ School of … Read more

The composition of fossil insect eyes surprises researchers

Eumelanin – a natural pigment found for instance in human eyes – has, for the first time, been identified in the fossilized compound eyes of 54-million-year-old crane-flies. It was previously assumed that melanic screening pigments did not exist in arthropods. “We were surprised by what we found because we were not looking for, or expecting … Read more

Stretchable pumps: an artificial heart for soft machines

Soft robots have a distinct advantage over their rigid forebears: they can adapt to complex environments, handle fragile objects and interact safely with humans. Made from silicone, rubber or other stretchable polymers, they are ideal for use in rehabilitation exoskeletons and robotic clothing. Soft bio-inspired robots could one day be deployed to explore remote or … Read more

Rapid metabolism change helped mammals to thrive in colder climate

A new study, published in Nature, reveals that the ancestors of mammals benefitted in the evolutionary race owing to their ability to adapt their metabolism beyond the constraints imposed by body temperature. They were able to colonise colder environments or high latitudes, allowing them to thrive when the Earth’s climate cooled. The basal metabolic rate … Read more